The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in southern India includes the Kabini River and Nagarhole forests. The Kabini River, a tributary of the Kaveri, supports a wide variety of plants and animals. On the banks of the Kabini, Nagarhole National Park is famous for its dense forests and open grasslands Its vegetation in the region varies from moist deciduous to tropical evergreen forests. 

The tiger project in Nagarhole aimed to conserve and increase the population of Bengal tigers in the sanctuary. However, it led to a significant rise in tiger numbers, resulting in ecological imbalances. The increased tiger population put pressure on prey species, leading to a decline in their numbers. This imbalance disrupted the natural ecosystem, impacting other wildlife and vegetation. Additionally, human-tiger conflicts escalated as tigers encroached on human settlements in search of prey. Despite conservation efforts, the ongoing challenge of balancing tiger conservation with the sanctuary's ecological health looms large in Nagarhole, demanding immediate and urgent attention.